Success Factors in Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Success Factors in put out Chain anxiety turn upSupply chain management (SCM) works with the process flow of information as well as products from depict chain organizations. Development in applied science facilitates organizations ability to coordinate activities for use of supply chain servicing. The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP, 2011) defines supply chain management in the following waySupply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party proceeds providers, and customers. In essence, supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies (p.1).There are four basic components within the supply chain management that are essential for SCM processes. First, ens ure that to manage resource requirements, a strategy exists which the customers needs are met for services/products based on their strategic demands. Secondly, the remove business supply chain partners, in fact, are the ones that will provide the end product from materials, servicing requirements through payment processes, livery of goods, pricing, and every other method by which the process will be measured.Third would ensure that operations is on board for ensuring the schedules take into consideration tasks for packaging, testing, process preparation, and delivery preparations. Lastly, logistics requirements are well thought-out, such as warehousing, orders, return processing, carrier/delivery service, and invoicing.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE PACKAGE COMPARISONFor the SCM software packet boat review, there were three companies in the comparison SAP Supply Chain, PackManager, and IBS Enterprise. One area of concern was with PackManager whereby once installed technology su pport is not a provision. Daniels and Daniels (2012) denominate the areas of the five basic supply chain management activities which include plan, source, make, deliver and return. The comparison of the three SCM software packages above assist businesses in making an appropriate decision based on their specific needs. Each company had something that others may not have and, as a result, supports that one company may not be the viable solution for every industry. . To complete a comprehensive review of SCM software packages, the site which assisted with the compilation of data, FindTheBest.com (2014)CONCLUSIONSCM is the dynamic managing of SC activities which take into consideration customers value as well as manage a viable benefit. The comparative review indicates that there are many choices in SCM software. Each of these will provide a supply chains in the most effective efficient ways possible (Handfield, P. 1, 2011). Wang et al (2009), further stated that the problems, crite ria, needs, alternatives and other variables will vary fromone entity to the next, there is no universal solution (P. 95). In order to support the best choice for the appropriate SCM, whence key factors should be quantified in the overall decision process.REFERENCESCouncil of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP). (2011). Logistics Management. Retrieved from http//cscmp.org/aboutcscmp/definitions.aspDaniels, P., Daniels, A. (2010). _Business Driven Technology_ (4th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection databaseFind the Best. (2014). Retrieved from http//FindTheBest.comHandfield, R. (2011). What is Supply Chain Management?. Retrieved from http//scm.ncsu.edu/scm-articles/article/what-is-supply-chain-managementWang, Z., Yan, R., Hollister, K., Xing, R. (2009). A Relative Comparison of Leading Supply Chain Management Software Packn mages. International Journal of InfDrmDtion Systems and Supply Cnagement (IJISSCM), 2(1), 81-96. doi10.4018/jisscm.20090 10106

Specific Injury Treatment Ankle Sprain Health And Social Care Essay

Specific Injury Treatment Ankle Sprain Health And Social Cargon EssayAn fulfiling smoke be defined as a physical damage or harm on an animal or human being. It affects the structure or function of the body and is ca utilise by force either chemically or physically. Injuries are classified according to their ca go for like traumatic injury, infection, toxin, metabolic the billet like wound, nerve injury, cell damage, brain injury and the activity like sports injury, occupational injury. They cause deaths and m whatsoever of those who survive them incur temporary or unending disabilities. They undersurface be prevented and if they happen, their consequences can be mitigated (Alan Melvin, 2002).Under the class of location, it can be found on an articulatio talocruralis with an example of perverted ankle. Ankle, being a complex stand-ining structure, if hurt, it causes disability and absence from work. The ligaments in tibio-fibular joint in the foot enable to stabilize the fo rward motion. Basically, if they are damaged, their treatment will work out on how severe the injury is. This means that ankles are very useful in human body and in that respect are many forms of treatment shut in of damage but prevention is always the best. Their complications can cause arthritis, loose body formation and instability. In severe cases, that befool to undergo surgery, 85% are successful and showed excellent results (Alan Melvin, 2002).Ankle sour is very common in sports and normal activities like work. It is the damage of the soft tissues around the ankle especially ligaments which can be torn or partially torn. It is alike known as rolled ankle, ankle sprain or ankle ligament injury. It happens when there are brachydactylous motions like sporting activities, stepping on odd surfaces, from a jump, falling, running, etc. It can include effects such as pain, projection, and inability to walk. It can be prevented by wearing good shoes, focusing on the way we w alk and run and paying attention to both internal and external warnings (Icon Health Publications 2002).Ankle sprain can be classified in three grades depending on the force involved in causing it. In grade 1, it is a slight stretch which causes damage to the fibers and there is minimal swelling, joint stiffness, and mild pain which can be treated through isometric exercises and weight bearing. In grade 2, there is moderate tenderness, minor bruises, difficulty walking and possible instability which can be treated through therapy (physical). In grade 3, there is instability, ligament rapture, severe swelling and pain and can be treated through long physical therapy, surgery, reconstruction (Alan Melvin, 2002).It consists of inversion which occurs when there is too much inversion of the foot. It is rated to be 90% of all the sprains that happen and the most involved ligament is the anterior talofibular. Pain is more concentrated on the outside than inside of the ankle joint. The sec ond type of sprain is eversion where the foot is twisted outwards hence the deltoid ligament is stretched too far. It causes pain inside the ankle. High ankle sprains an injury of ligaments like tibia and fibula. It occurs receivable to forced and sudden twisting of the foot (Icon Health Publications 2002).Ankle sprains are associated with sports like soccer, football, volleyball and sprint racing. They both do vigorous exercises involving the ankles and sometimes start like in volleyball and basketball. In soccer, there is a chance that at least a player must suffer an injury especially, ankle sprain. According to FIFA ratings (2005-2010), the risk rate is 10% in soccer for an ankle sprain. The rate is not verifiable receivable to victims in different games sometimes, 3 players suffer in a game while in other games none suffers. Actually, determining the risk rate at which people suffer whitethorn be difficult due to intervals, the severity and there causes. Many players have un dergone surgery and others have had to take rest due to the sprains. The conservative measure is most use as players get injured, treated in the field and either get substituted or resume their positions (Alan Melvin, 2002).Some of symptoms of this injury are pain caused by esthesia of the nerves and severe tenderness. There is warmth caused by add-ond blood flow and little ability or difficulty in moving the injured leg. Severe bruising and swelling can also be experienced and can be diagnosed through physical exam and x-ray. Physical exam shows laxness of the joint while x-ray shows instability. It can be confused for an ankle fracture which is caused by the same mechanisms. Mostly, in children, growth plates are mistaken for sprains. everyplace time, ligaments that get damaged as a result of injury heal. This can only be possible to the minor injuries hence whenever there are cases of salutary injuries you should consult the doctor for diagnosis. He/she is to tell on the mode of treatment depending on the examination. implement of physical examination may be painful due to different twists in order to know the state of the ankle. A magnetic resonance imaging can be done to determine the severity of ligament injury, oculus sinister chip, fracture, joint surface injury or any other problem. It gives a correct diagnosis and can be done immediately at the put of injury or after swelling and bruising resolves (Icon Health Publications 2002).The recovery is through treatment which aims at minimizing swelling, pain and inflammation while enabling recovery. Use of nonsurgical methods or conservative measures is advisable. If the injury was a grade 1, use of PRICE (takes between 48- 72 hours) is applicable which means Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. Protection is from any more danger or further injury. Rest means not involving the injured ankle in strenuous activities hence one can use crutches incase of making any movement. The suggested rest is between 48-72 hours.Ice, although it can damage the throw together if apply for long, helps in decreasing the blood flow to the damaged ligament. It is applied immediately or soonest possible after an injury for 20-30 minutes. It should be wrapped in a plastic bag, originally pressing it on the skin else it will cause ice-burn and should not be left on while asleep. The time should not be less than 10 minutes because it will have no effect and not more than 30 minutes because it will damage the skin. Compression is with a bandage to limit swelling and should not be too tight to stop flow of blood. It should not be left on during sleep and should be removed as advised to allow extra movement of the joint. Elevation is placing the injured leg at a strategic position, e.g. on cushions while lying on a sofa or on pillow while sleeping on bed to limit and reduce swelling and help recovery (Alan Melvin, 2002).It is also advisable to avoid HARM (takes 72 hours), meaning Heat, Alco hol, Running and Massage. Heat speeds blood flow hence should be avoided as long as there is inflammation after which, it can be used for soothing. Alcohol decreases healing and cause increased bleeding. Running can cause more harm to the injury while massage may increase bleeding. Gentle massage after 72 hours is recommended while running is only advisable after full recovery to strengthen the joint (Icon Health Publications 2002).Doctors also advise on constant gentle movement of the joint by doing exercises every day which help it to regain its normal functions and prevent stiffness. Secondly, physiotherapy helps to emend proprioception which is the ability if the brain in connection to movement and position. In our normal activities, the ankle should be supported with a rigid sort with to help in healing of the damaged ankle. Finally, doctors warn against getting involved in vigorous exercises but encourage on allowing movement of ankle to a certain degree. It gives support to the joint (Icon Health Publications 2002).All of the above can be done even without the help of a doctor but it is always advisable to come over one incase the pain is so severe that it restricts movement, a ligament ruptured or on suspicion of a bone breakage. Also, if swelling and symptoms do not substantiate because in most cases, they take short time to ease and if there were severe bruises suffered. With assess of the doctor and use of x-ray, he /she can recommend the nonsurgical methods of treatment or surgical (Hammer, 2007).Mostly, medicine may not be needed if pain can be tolerated but sometimes, nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs may be used to control inflammation and pain. Some of the pain killers include Paracetamol and codeine, anti- inflammatory painkillers. Paracetamol is used to relieve pain but incase it does not help, codeine is used which is stronger and can cause drowsiness and constipation. Anti-inflammatory include aspirin and ibuprofen which relieve pain and limit inflammation. Others are rub on which are correspondent to the tablets. Anti-inflammatory are not very advisable because they have severe side effects especially to people with high blood pressure, kidney failure, heart dishonor and asthma. We need to consult our doctors or pharmacists before taking these medicines (Alan Melvin, 2002).There are arguments that some inflammation necessitates healing. This is the reason why many doctors do not recommend use of anti-inflammatory painkillers within the first 48 hours of injury, they delay healing. It may only be theoretical because no one has proven this point. Only arguments and contradictions plagiarise hence research is needed to prove it.Rehabilitation helps to decrease swelling and pain and ensure that joint problems do not lead to chronic pain. To help pain and swelling, you can use ultrasound and electrical stimulation. It starts with simple exercises then extremity when and other exercises are added when you are pa in free. It aims at improved equilibrize thus proprioception training is important and increase in strength and range of motion.The recovery depends on three phases variety 1- resting reducing swelling.Phase2 restoring strength, flexibility and range of motion.Phase 3- doing the less simple activities followed by vigorous and sudden activities.In time course, 1-4 weeks is based on stabilized walking, 4-8 weeks, immobilization of ankles, 8-12 weeks, embrace of high level activities and 12 weeks onward, performance without external mobilization (Lewin, 2008).Wearing of good costume for the purpose like boots during across country hike or when walking on uneven grounds or when rambling mountains would prevent or reduce ankle sprains. This is because they give support to the ankle as compared to other shoes. By visiting a physiotherapist, he/she can advise on the exercises to do so as to build muscles in order to prevent sprains. If it involved surgery, it should be resistant to nonsu rgical. running(a) options include arthroscopy where the surgeon tries to figure whether there is any loose cartilage, ligament caught in the joint. The second option is reconstruction where the surgeon by use of stitches and other ligaments to recourse the torn ones (Alan Melvin, 2002).Care should be taken on the way we treat or attend to an ankle sprain. This is because even a minor injury can turn chronic if not well dealt with. Most of the treatments of this injury are just conservative than medicinal. We should always seek doctors diagnosis before taking painkillers. We can suffer injuries anytime any place thus we should always try and prevent it if possible and if it happens, we seek for the right recovery and rehabilitation.

Application of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)

Application of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)Leslie BrucheyElements of the Professional Nursing RoleNursing pull off is provided in all hospitals, in polar states, different countries with different practices. But with that being said, the breast feeding process using NANDA I Taxonomy of Nursing diagnoses, the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) can provide any(prenominal) standards in c be where it is received. Throughout this paper, we leave alone converse a clinical case that uses these tools in providing care and looking at the unhurried outcome and discuss the systems that were in set up.Clinical EncounterThis uncomplaining was admitted to a medical surgical unit with the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis, steepness of breath and pain with inspiration, atrial fibrillation and MRSA in the urine. Patients separate history included chronic kidney disease, oxygen dependent at home and a low ejection fraction. With t his being said, this enduring had several things happening, but was being treated with antibiotics and Cardizem to control A-Fib. In the middle of the night, the patient was a rapid response for hypotension and moved to the intensive care. Because of a previous echo that revealed the patients EF was only 12%, large fluid boluses were not really an option to treat hypotension. The hypotension was caused by a a few(prenominal) different reasons, the nurse in med surg had given this patient multiple blood pressure medications, and the critical care doctor felt that she was becoming septic receiv fitting to her presentation. Also, the critical care doctor decided that the patient needed a stat VQ scan to rule out the possibility of a pulmonary embolism. The patient results recall that there was a high probability of a pulmonary embolism which warranted the patient to be placed on IV heparin, bugger off a venous ultrasound of her legs and an echo. These tests reviewed no clots in h er legs or heart.With heparin, a PT/INR was drawn for baseline and then a hep xa was drawn every 6 hours until the heparin was therapeutic. A BNP and CBC were drawn to monitor blood cell counts and a central line was placed and the patient was placed on Levophed to prevent hypotension for a few hours. After a few hours, the patient was able to keep blood pressure controlled without medications. Antibiotics were continued as patients WBCs were 14000 and the patient was infinitely monitored in the ICU for a few days. CVPs were measured at 5 and urine output was monitored closely.Nursing DiagnosisThis patient had multiple care for diagnoses that fit her condition. One of the diagnoses that fit this patient is decreased cardiac output. With the patient being in A-fib and with an EF of only 12% this patient does not have optimum cardiac output. The patient also prevents with hypotension which is believed to may have been caused by medications that effect preload and afterload which wil l also decrease the cardiac output of this patient. This diagnosis is a incision of NANDA- I Taxonomy of Nursing Diagnoses and falls under domain 4 Activity and Rest and class 4 which discusses Cardiovascular/ Pulmonary Responses (NANDA, 2012).Nursing Interventions Classification InterventionsThe quest are nursing interventions that were used on this patient using the NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification).Hemodynamic Regulation (4150)Definition Optimization of heart rate, preload, afterload and contractility (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008)Ways to substitutePatient was placed on a presser, i.e Levophed to cause vasoconstriction and promote an increase in blood pressureA small 250ml fluid bolus was given prior to coming to the intensive care unitThe patient was placed on hemodynamic monitoring to check central venous pressures and allowed us to monitor fluid statusMedication parameters were in place for medications that would effect HR, preload, afterloadOxygen Therapy ( 3320)Definition Administration of oxygen and monitoring of its effectiveness (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008)Ways to interveneOxygen provided by nasal cannula was titrated by oxygen saturation, patient was on 3L.Continuous oxygen saturation monitoring by a pulse ox on the finger.Respirations and patient comfort were also monitored, i.e. no shortness of breath or trouble breathing.Urinary Catheterization (0580)Definition Insertion of a catheter into the bladder for terminable or permanent drainage of urine (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008).Ways to interveneFoley was placed to monitor urine output.Output was monitored to check fluid balance because of patients history of CKD, the MRSA infection and having a low ejection fraction.The catheter was temporary and was used for strict input and output.Family Presence Facilitation (7170)Definition Facilitation of the familys presence in throw of an individual undergoing resuscitation and or invasive procedures (Bulechek, Butcher, Dochterman, 2008).Ways to interveneFamily contacted because patient was moved to intensive care and needed a emergent central line placement.Patient was extremely anxious and requested that we contact her family to come in for needed support.Family came in and educated on what happened and any other information that was needed at that time.Nursing Outcomes Classification OutcomesNow that we have defined a nursing diagnosis and provided most interventions that this patient needed, it is time to discuss the patient outcome. These interventions booster the patient achieve multiple goals and as a nurse, all of our interventions help us improve patient outcomes. This patient has multiple nursing diagnoses, but because decreased cardiac output was addressed, the outcome will be as followscardiac Pump Effectiveness (0400)Definition Adequacy of blood volume ejected from the left ventricle to support systemic perfusion pressure (Moorhead, Johnson, Maas, Swanson, 2008).The patient will be a ble to maintain blood pressure without pressers.Patient will have a follow up echo that showed her ejection fraction was 45%.Patient will have adequate urine output.CVP measurements will be within normal limits.Patient will have activity tolerance when getting out of furnish and ambulating around room.Patient will continue outpatient rehab to rebuild strength over time.Advantages and DisadvantagesThe nursing process allows for a standard of care to be provided anywhere that a nurse cares for a patient. With being able to identify what the patients problems are by a nursing diagnosis, we are able to next focus on the interventions that beat out fit and will provide the best patient outcome. When looking at a patient, we all have our own outcomes that we want to achiever to better the patient. In the patient above, there are many problems that could results in a long list of nursing diagnoses. With being able to focus on one at a time, a nurse is able to think about the needed ste ps to achieve the positive outcome that we all look at. With using the NIC, NOC and NANDA-I, nurses anywhere are able to identify a problem, the steps to improve the problems and the hopefully outcome for this issue. While these tools help standardize care that nurses provide and focus on and to make sure that the needed interventions to improve the outcome are being performed and are being documented. It is important that the nurse can focus on the necessarily of the patient and to take credit for all the important things we do during our time with a patient. I also think the nursing process is great for other disciplines to look out what nursing is focusing on and also may help guide the rest of the care that is provided. With this documenting process and just using in the clinical setting, newer nursing can use it to help focus the care their patients may need. These tools are a great resource for nurses but they do have some disadvantages.In day to day care in the nursing realm , these tools are a great resource, but in reality are unvoiced to uprise time to access and continually document on them. I have seen these typewrites of programs being used in the clinical setting and because nurses are busy, some just copy and paste the same thing over and over day to day. This does not show how we are intervening to meet the outcome. If used right, it is a great tool, but there are a lot of nurses that look at it as just another silly hoop to jump through during patient care and just another thing to document. Some nurses do not take the time to think about what interventions would help our patients. Also, I think that the various lists are good however, sometimes it is hard to find the exact name of the intervention that we want to use. It takes time to look through the list to find the exact intervention or outcome that best fits out patient needs. Also, it would be hard to get all nurses on board to document with this type of system because some are resist ant to change and others just are already overwhelmed with the amount of documentation that is required passim the day.ConclusionThe NIC, NOC and NANDA-I Taxonomy of Nursing Diagnoses are a great guide for standard nursing care. Anyone can use these documents to help focus the care their patients need. I believe documenting to nursing process throughout this system will allow for better patient outcomes to continuously reevaluate what the patients needs are and what is going on with a patient. Other disciplinary police squad members would be able to look at what the problems nursing are focusing on and see where they can help support that patients care. Overall, the standardized care would support patient outcomes and allow for nurses to focus on what they can do, improving the patients care by identifying problems, inventions and outcomes.ReferencesBulechek, G.M., Butcher, H. K., Dochterman, J.C. (Eds.). (2008). Nursing InterventionsClassification (NIC) (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO Mosby Elsevier.Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M., Swanson, E. (Eds.) (2008). Nursing OutcomesClassification (NOC) (4th ed.). St. Louis Mosby/Elsevier.NANDA International. (2012). NANDA international nursing diagnoses Definitions classification 2012-2014. T.H. Herdman, (ED.). Kaukauna, WI Author.

Comparison of Parks: Central Park and Forest Park

Comparison of viriditys substitution Park and set ParkThe Central Park Construction began on 1858, continued during the American Civil War, and was completed in 1873. New York as the about important economic center in east United States, rises and falls several times, and the Central Park rises and falls as well. And today it is superstar of the well-nigh successful commonalty in the city. The Forest Park, which unfastened in 1876, more than a decade after its proposal. St Louis as big city locate in Mid-Western United States, plays a very important berth in the US history, The Forest Park changes several times, also rises and falls in its history. These two pose lead officipate a very important usage in the city, both of them are very large parks, and create contemporarily. In this paper, I will compare the confusableities and differences between these two parks and try to uprise out the reason by using the ur banish design knowledge based on the development of the c ity.Forest Park was pilot filmly designed as an English Romantic park with open, flowing spaces and diverse environs. Today it retains often of that character, especially in the eastern half of the park. M any(prenominal) of the spaces envisioned in the original 1876 plan, which designed by M. G. Kern, and 1904 Worlds F pass around plan remain in some capacity, with a range of modified uses. The parks topography changes a lot after River stilbestrol Peres brailed into concrete sewer tubes.In 1876, Forest Park already had a prepared plan and was established. The park was envisioned as a great romantic unloadscape, with winding trails and trailer truckways through deep woods and pastoral fields surrounded by informal water bodies and naturalistic streams. At that time, the land had several owners and was in the main the site of farms and coal mines. The River diethylstilbesterol Peres wandered through the northern and eastern parts of the area and a major east-west thoroughfare , Clayton Road, passed through the property. The first park commissioners authorized a plan for the new park, To preserve the natural beauties of the ground, so that it will always appear in fact as well as in name, a Forest Park. The plan called for a hippodrome, floral decorations, a bandstand, and a Forest Park Zoo.In preparation for Opening Day, June 24, 1876, 19 miles of roads and 20 miles of walkways were built along with some bridges, water and sewer pipes, including Round Lake, Pagoda Lake and a portion of Peninsula Lake. Other facilities included a restaurant, bandstand, a large race track, and superintendents home. A small zoo was built and later a fenced area for five buffalo became a major park draw poker. By 1891, there was a variety of animals to be viewed by the existence at no charge.In 1876-77 St. Louis City and St. Louis County separated, with Forest Park remaining part of the City. By 1894 the park had 2.5 trillion visitors, brought there by street car and impr oved roadways. Park activities were diverse, including annual bicycle race, carriage rides, boating, cricket, lacrosse, baseball, tennis, croquet, golf, and harness racing.The most significant changes to the park came as the outlet of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which was held over much of the parks western half. To accommodate the fair, most of the trees in the western part of the park were removed, except for what today is Kennedy Forest. jumbo portions of the park were land-filled to accommodate the new structures. The River Des Peres was rerouted, channeled and sections of it were placed underground. The Art Museum and the Zoos Flight Cage were remained. Grand Basin and Post-Dispatch Lake were reshaped from Peninsula Lake. The plan for the fair required that the park be returned to its original condition after the conclusion of the fair, but too many trees had been cleared and the added wear and tear of the fair left an indelible mark on the parks natural dodgings . In addition, after the fair, the park became the home for pagan and re fundamental facilities the Jefferson Memorial, Zoo, and Worlds Fair Pavilion were soon added- all done in a piecemeal fashion that did not adhere to any encyclopedic plan.In the years following the Worlds Fair, up until the late 1920s, Forest Park underwent a serial of changes which altered the shape, design, and use of many areas of the park. Many of these changes involved the addition of active recreation facilities in the park, under the guidance of Park Commissioner Dwight Davis. The changes, while greatly expanding the attraction of the park for many citizens, resulted in a park whose natural systems and linkages were disturbed, a condition that exists to this day.The park continued to change, as new facilities, institutions, and amenities were built. In 1930, the River Des Peres disappeared from the park as it was buried in two underground sewer pipes. much and more of the parks passive green space w as replaced by habitusings, acrobatic fields, golf courses and paths. Highway 64/40 and the Forest Park Parkway were routed through the parks perimeters during this time. Some attempts were made to plan for the parks continued harvesting during this period, but none had any significant physical impact.The 1983 plan was adopted by the Community Development Commission of the City of St. Louis as the only comprehensive plan for the park since the 1904 plan for the fair and the original plan of 1876. however, it was not significantly implemented. There have been a number of changes to the park subsequent to the 1983 plan. The most significant have been a number of road removals, road re-surfacing and in-fill of the lagunas around Post-Dispatch Lake.In Fall 1993, a plan was prepared by the New York unfaltering of Kelly/Vernell Landscape Architects to augment the 1983 plans landscape component. However, it was never adopted or implemented. 1A comparison between the 1983 and 1993 plan s reveal dissimilar approaches to the park. The most significant differences are different attitudes regarding Grand Basin/ Art Hill and Post-Dispatch Lake area in terms of active recreation and access, circulation and parking the 1993 Plan incorporating a more extensive lake and lagoon system different resolutions for the cultural institutions expansion needs and some differences in roads and paths.Central Park is of great importance as the first existing park made in this country a democratic development of the highest significance and on the success of which, in my opinion, much of the progress of art and artistic culture in this country is dependent. Frederick Law Olmsted, August 1, 1858The creation of Central Park is the number one of the nations urban landscape park tradition. It plays a role of open space on the island of Manhattan the dynamic tension between pavement and pasture, between city noise and rural quiet, between fresh air and foul between private and public l and, between city and state government between city square and urban park.2 It shows how an extraordinary work of public art emerged from the crucible of New York City politics.By 1800 New York Citys burgeoning commercial future was clear. The Central Park was not a part of the governments plan until 1855, which the population of the New York City get four times than 1811s. The City officials recognized the need to plan for the growth which to build a big park to makes more open space. In 1857, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won the Central Park Design Competition.Before the spin of the park, the original inhabitants of the land inhabited need to leave, however most of them are low income African-American, German or Irish immigrants, which lived in a relatively small village (such as Seneca Village), around 1,600 residents occupying the area at the time. In 1857, by public land expropriation legislation was imposed, the lands were recovered, while Seneca Village and other c ommunities were demolished to make room for the construction of the park. In 1860 by the effort of park commissioners, theyfinalize the negotiations for the purchase of an additional 65 acres at the north end of the park, between 106th and 110th Streets. Between 1860 and 1873, most of the major hurdles to construction were overcome, and the park was substantially completed.Following completion, the park quickly slipped into decline. One of the main reasons for this was the lack of interest of the Tammany Hall policy-making machine, which was the largest political force in New York at the time. Around the turn of the 20th century, the park faced several new challenges. Cars were becoming commonplace, bringing with them their burden of pollution, and peoples attitudes were beginning to change. No longer were parks to be used only for walks and picnics in an idyllic environment, but now also for sports, and similar recreation. Following the dissolution of the Central Park Commission i n 1870 and Andrew Greens departure from the project, and the death of Vaux in 1895, the maintenance effort gradually declined, and there were few, All of this changed in 1934, when Republican Fiorello La Guardia was elected mayor of New York City and unified the five park-related departments then in existence. Robert Moses was given the task of cleaning up the park. Moses, about to become one of the mightiest men in New York City, took over what was essentially a relic, a leftover from a bygone era.Despite the increasing numbers of visitors to the park, Robert Moses departure in 1960 had nevertheless marked the beginning of a twenty-year period of decline in its management. The city itself was also experiencing economic and social changes, with some residents fleeing the city and moving to the suburbs in the wake of increased crime. The Parks Department, suffering from budget cuts and a lack of skilled management that rendered its workforce virtually ineffective, responded by openin g the park to any and all activities that would bring people into itregardless of their impact and without adequate management, oversight, or maintenance follow-up. Some of these events nevertheless became milestones in the social history of the park, and in the cultural history of the city.Management of the restored landscapes by the conservancys zone gardeners proved so successful that core maintenance and operations staff were reorganized in 1996. The zone-based system of management was implemented throughout the park, which was divided into forty-nine zones. Consequently, every zone of the park has a specific individual accountable for its day-to-day maintenance. Zone gardeners deal volunteers assigned to them, (who commit to a consistent work schedule) and are supported by specialized crews in areas of maintenance requiring specific expertise or equipment, or more effectively conducted on a park-wide basis. 34Central Park which is the first park made in US, leads the American parks movement that occurred in the uttermost(a) quarter of the nineteenth century. It did not change a lot after it was built, but the different management could leads a very different result in this Park. A good maintenance makes it more vibrant and serves people well in the cityForest Park is a unique land addition that seems caught between the need for reform and the need for revolution. It requires reform to correct the inadequate copy of the plan for New Yorks Central Park, to redress damage from vast deforestation and earth moving for the 1904 Worlds Fair, and to adjust the park to the automobile and other realities of the world of 1976.To compare those two parks we can imageThe designer of the Forest Park probably was influenced by the Olmsted-Vaux plan for Central Park, Several of the features of the original design of Forest Park, the Grand Drive, the Promenade, the Sheepfold, the irregular lakes, reflect similar features in Central Park and other parks such as Prospect park in Brooklyn, which designed by Olmsted and Vaux as well. To compare the Forest Park and Central Park, we can find Olmsted and Vaux solved the problem of crossing park traffic brilliantly with four grade-separated east-west crossing and so successfully screened these from view. However the Forest Park visitors are acutely aware of the north-south commuter traffic passing their park. Kerns curves and loops were designed to serve only a mavin system of traffic, whereas the designers of Central Park built into its infrastructure four grade-separated movement system the transverse roads already mentioned plus pedestrian paths, bridge trails, and carriage drives. Unfortunately, lacking grade-separated transverse roads and because of the location of certain traffic-generating uses deep within the boundaries of the park, we cannot at the present time as in Central Park ban the automobile altogether on certain days and turn the entire park over to cyclists and pedestrians.Forest Park today is the result of these various plans as they were overlaid on each other over time. It is clearly apparent that the park is essentially split down the middle, with the eastern section being more redolent of the pre-Worlds Fair design approach and the western section reflecting the post-Worlds Fair design approaches.Prosperous cities of that period sought to display their municipal pride with civic adornment, and parks ranked high as a cultural expression of the new wealth.2 In addition, the dynamic of intense urban growth which had been set in act by Post-Civil War industrialization brought about a change in the contemporary attitude toward land use the rapid obliteration of so much open space caused civic leaders to put a value on openness itself. Parks were viewed as therapeutic and often referred to as the Lungs of the city, More demonstrable perhaps than their effect on the health of the constituent populace was their effect on adjacent land values, an argument that was often candidly ripe(p) by park proponents of the period. It was not accidental that, as in New York baronial mansions began to march up Fifth Avenue in response to the creation of Central Park, The fashionable quarter of St. Louis grew up at about the same time on the perimeter of Forest Park. Nor was it accidental in either of these cities that their chief cultural resources clustered in or near their premier parks.In sum, Both Central Park and Forest Park are the treasures of their cities. For the government the park is also the very important cultural resources, and a good maintenance could makes the park more valuably. As the development of the city, the park may needs to be changed to match the peoples developing requirements , but the main idea of creating a great Park is never changed, which makes people living a burst place.BibliographyForest Park master plan City of St. Louis. St. Louis, Mo. Commission, 1995. Print.St. Louis Forest Park R/UDAT, Oct. 28-Nov. 1, 1976. St. Louis St. Louis Chapter, American Institute of Architects, 1976. Print.Heckscher, Morrison H..Creating Central Park. New York, N.Y. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2008. Print.Central Park. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Mar. 2014. Web. 3 June 2014. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park.Olmsted, Frederick Law, Charles E. Beveridge, and David Schuyler.Creating Central Park, 1857-1861. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983. Print.Lehnerer, Alex.Grand urban rules. 2nd ed. Rotterdam nai010 Publishers, 2013. Print.Martin, Richard.The New urban landscape. New York Olympia York Companies (U.S.A.), 1990. Print.Dams, Bernd H..Central Park NYC an architectural view. by Bernd H. Dams, Andrew Zega.. New York Rizzoli, 2013. Print.Altman, Sally J., and Richard H. Weiss.Forest Park the bejewel of St. Louis. St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis Post-Dispatch Books, 2007. Print.

Binary Reasoning :: essays research papers

Binary reasoning limits our knowledge for it oversimplifies the subject being studied. Computers operate in binary mode, that is they yet can understand a 1 or a 0, and this fact is what makes artificial intelligence so hard to achieve. The fact that humans can roleplay outside of simple duality is what distinguishes us from other animals and machines. Certain issues cannot be studied on their integrity unless they are looked upon without using the two-valued logic system. Two examples would be whether light is a particle or a wave and whether Adolph Hitler was a Fanatic or an Opportunist. These two examples illustrate a problem of reason as a way to acquire knowledge in the fields of a natural and a human science. Physicists have studied light for centuries and they have forever been mystified in deciphering whether it is a particle or a wave. The ancient world believed light was an extremely light and small particle that moved at incredible speeds. More recently, physicists hav e conducted experiments that proved that light has wave-like properties. In the early 19th century, Thomas Young, a British scientist, conducted a famous experiment in which he proved that light would interfere and diffract. A broad discussion about the nature of light emerged in the scientific world. The theories that light reflected of a summon just like a ball would, was revised because the explanation that it was a reflecting wave was a more convincing one. The fact that light would bend with a large amount of gravity cannot be revoked and this attributed light a certain amount of mass. Since waves are not supposed to have a mass, in the akin way that particles are not supposed to diffract, reflect, and refract. The contemporary scientists are intended to abide in the wave-particle theory which combines all the facts of light and place it in a category that does not follow the duality reasoning behind the wave or particle division.Some historians often oversimplify their analy sis of historical figures, by stating that they fall under a type of people because of their personality. Alan Bullock does not belong to that group of scientists, which makes him stand out for his originality. Instead of thinking that Hitler was either a fanatic or an opportunist, he is able to view the dictator as both. Furthermore he is able to identify moments in history when Hitler shifted slightly his position.

Bio-diesel: Alternative Fuel Source Essay -- Petroleum Environment Eco

Bio-diesel Alternative Fuel SourceIntroductionCurrently today more than 99% of all fuel consumed is petroleum (3). In the year 2025 the demesnes reserves of petroleum will be a dry source (7). Other than the shortage of petroleum, the burning of petroleum also causes many problems such(prenominal) as global warming. In this case, engineers and scientists need to come up with an alternative energy source for gasolene not only because of the shortage, but because of the environmental problems gasoline and other fossil fuels cause for the environment. Out of all forms of alternative fuels for vehicles bio-diesel seems to be the next alternative source of fuel, but more query needs to spring up this assumption. In this report bio-diesel will be studied in more depth. The history of other sources of fuel will be looked at, along with the history of research being accomplished. The research stating the benefits of bio-diesel will be compared to the research on the negatives of t his new fuel source. After the report unitary will be able to come together if they believe that bio-diesel is the answer to the shortage of gasoline and the next choice as an alternative fuel.History of FuelsEngineers have been doing research for years on alternative fuels for gasoline. investigate has holdd hydrogen cells, gas-to-liquid diesel fuel, and ethanol among many other different fuels. One of the most recent discoveries for an alternative fuel is bio-diesel. At this current time, Bio-diesel is considered one of the most promising new technologies for an alternative fuel source to gasoline. Bio-diesel may be defined as a group of esterified vegetable oils produced from different oil-containing crops. These crops include but at not limi... ...I 1999, no 76 pp1-88. (3) Understanding Biodiesel Fuel Quality and Performances. Weiksner JM Sr P.E, Crump Stephen L. PhD, and White Thomas L. PhD. 2003 December 12 5 Journal Article Savannah River Site pp 1-6. (4) Nati onal Renewable strength Laboratory. Evaluation of Biodiesel Fuel in an EMD GP38-2 Locomotive. Fritz S.G. Report DOE/GO-102004-1872. 2004 May. pp 1-21.(5) National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Impacts of Biodiesel Fuels on Air Quality and Human Health Task 2 Report The Impact of Biodiesel Fuels on Ozone Concentrations. Morris R.E., Mansell G.E., Jia Y. and Wilson G. Report DOE NREL/SR-540-33795. 2003 May. pp 1-150.(6) Hofman Vern, Extension Agriculture Engineer. mating Dakota University. Biodiesel Fuel. 2003 Feburary. pp 1-4. (7) Rifkin, Jeremy. The Hydrogen Economy. New York Jeremy Tarcher/Penguin. 2002.

Essay --

When operating a business it is essential that a business analyses where it jump in a mart in the present moment as they are then able to grasp at possible enhancements which could be make in order to successfully improve their products or services. It is also important that a business is able keep up with todays eternally changing laws and legislations which through the use of the information they are able to adjust to such changes. SWOT analysis is a method used by organisations to avail them analysis, evaluate and take into account different factors within and outside the organisations which can have an influence on their product. SWOT stands for Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It enables businesses to clearly form a lawful point of view on a products marketing state. For instance using my business plan to re-launch the Zune I can see that the strength and weaknesses of the business would be factors that are internal such as cost production, quality and pric ing. While the opportunities and threats would be the external relating to factors such as competitors, audience, trends and politics. The table below illustrates how SWOT would put one over to my business planStrength(Internal)The strengths are the advantages that the corporation has which enable it to operate with little or no problems. In the case of Microsoft one advantage is that it has been in the market for a long time and has a wide experience in marketing. Its reputation is also another strength as it is a intumesce known brand name therefore customers are more homogeneously to prefer their products as they will expect a high quality product. The chief(prenominal) strength that Microsoft has is its financial position since the company is worth billions of pounds, this will... ...control in the short-run a good example being minimum wage in the UK which the company has no control over, however the company can respond to that change by shifting its major operations in U K to a country like China where minimum wages are not as high compared to the UK wage regulations. That response would help reduce production cost.Boston matrix helped businesses in assessing when to lay largely in prolonging their products for example at a star category more funds are needed to remain in the market where both market share and market growth are at their peak. If not properly checked it could fall into the cow cash category.It is also institute that the product life cycle concept assist businesses in knowing at what stage the product stands. Therefore the firm is able to know when to invest in order to extend products life or rather to avoid decline stage.