What attitudes to love and marriage does Jane Austen explore in Pride :: Free Essay Writer

What attitudes to love and marriage does Jane Austen explore in Pride and Prejudice? Can you identify Jane Austen’s own view? Jane Austen’s novel of Pride and Prejudice is set in the early 19th century and the central theme of the novel is love and marriage. Marriage was viewed very differently in those days and each character in her novel has different views of marriage. Marriage to women gave status and independence as women could not acquire money on their own without inheriting or marrying into good fortune, so many girls at that time did not marry for affection or love. Jane Austen uses the Bennet family to illustrate different types of marriage and thus reveals her own view. An example of marriage can be found between Charlotte Lucas and Mr Collins. Charlotte married for economic reasons and Mr Collin on the other hand married to â€Å"set a good example†. Mr Collins is the Bennets’ cousin who’s â€Å"neither sensible nor agreeable†. The letter he wrote to the Bennet family â€Å"is a mixture of servility and self-importance†. He married mainly because Lady Catherine de Bourgh advised him to do so. This shows the importance of class as Mr Collins spends most of his time being obsequious to his upper-class patron, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. His choice of wife changed early from Jane to Elizabeth and then to Charlotte after Elizabeth’s rejection in just a few days. When he found out that Jane might be engaged to Bingley soon, he hardly needed time to consider at all â€Å"to change from Jane to Elizabeth while Mrs Bennet was stirring the fire†; this shows clearly that he did not choose his partner for love. The five reasons Mr Collins gave for proposing to Elizabeth was firstly, he thinks it’s the right thing to do as a clergyman to â€Å"set the example of matrimony†, secondly he thinks that it will provide happiness for him, thirdly it was advised by Lady Catherine De Bourgh, fourthly because he is inheriting the Bennets’ house, he thought it would be a very gallant thing for him to do to marry one of his cousins so the Bennets will lose as little as possible, and lastly and the least important reason is he said that he likes Elizabeth and thinks her suitable. This shows how little affection he has for her, and the way he lays out his reasons shows how formal and dull he is, and all he is doing is trying to please Lady Catherine by doing as she advised. Charlotte who is Elizabeth’s closest friend married Mr. Collins despite how little she loved him, just to gain financial security and

Prosecuting Arguments

Prosecuting Arguments A prosecutor's duty is to defer and produce evidence of the crime at hand to the judge and jury so that they can decide an appropriate sentence. According to the case of State v. Stu Dents, there are several charges against the defendant which range from moderate to severe. These charges include homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. The prosecution must attempt to provide accurate evidence to prove the charges against Stu Dents.During this trial, the prosecution will evaluate the laws and statutes of Hawaii, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania to determine which state the case is the strongest. The prosecution will examine each of these states thoroughly to provide a better understanding of the charges, which will provide a guideline in determining the best sentencing alternatives. Facts and Elements The prosecution must establish the facts and elements of each crime to prove a defendant's guil t. The elements of crime are the basic components of the crime, and the essential features of that crime specified by law or statute.These elements include actus reus, mens rea, and a concurrence of the two. To convict the defendant of a particular crime, the prosecution must establish that each of the required elements are present in the facts to prove criminal liability (Schmalleger, Hall, & Dolatowski, 2010). In the case of State v. Stu Dents, the prosecution must establish the facts and elements of the charges for homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. For the charge of homicide, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case.The journal entries discussing the purchase of rope, rags, and a sharp hunting knife â€Å"to fulfill [his] destiny† prove mens rea. Actus reus is proven in the evidence that the victim was found with cloth stuffed in her mouth, arms and legs tied with rope restraints, and stabbed to death. The defendant's intent to commit the crime is proven by the journal entries, and the proof that he engaged in the criminal conduct is evident in the gagging, restraining, and stabbing death of the victim (University of Phoenix, n. d. ).For the charge of assault of a police officer, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. When police officers attempted to take him into custody, he was extremely agitated, irrational, combative, and screaming about the end of the world and aliens working in the police force, which proves mens rea. Actus reus is proven when the defendant punched the officer in the face while the officer attempted to handcuff him. The defendant's intent to cause bodily harm to the officer by punching him proves the presence of intent and conduct (University of Phoenix, n. . ). For the charge of kidnapping, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven from the evidence officers found in the defe ndant's home, which included a timeline of more than 300 photos of the victim in various locations and situations. It appears as if some photos were taken without the victim's knowledge. Actus reus is proven by the evidence of cuts and bruises found on the victim's body as well as skin particles under her fingernails, which signify a struggle prior to death.The DNA of the skin particles matched samples of the defendant's DNA. Therefore, the defendant's intent to seize unlawfully and carry away the victim by force, as indicated by the evidence of struggle, proves the presence of intent and conduct (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). For the charge of burglary, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven from witness testimony stating that the defendant entered the victim's apartment when she was not home, and there was no proof that he used a key.Actus reus is proven when a search of the defendant's home produced drugs and jewelry owned by the v ictim. The defendant's intent to enter the victim's residence unlawfully without permission for the purpose of committing a crime is proven by the theft of the victim's possessions (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). For the charge of crimes related to drugs, all of the elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven when a search of the defendant's home produced various amounts of ecstasy, cocaine, and methamphetamines.Actus reus is proven by the presence of ecstasy, cocaine, and methamphetamines in the defendant's home, which is an act of possession. The defendant knowingly possessing the drugs coexists with the act of possessing the drugs (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). State Laws In Hawaii, homicide occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes the death of another person, and it is considered murder in the first degree. The crime of homicide with more than one victim or an inmate killing his or her cellmate is considered first degree murder, and homicid e of an officer of the law is considered a felony murder.Murder in the first degree is a serious felony, and the defendant could face life in prison without parole because Hawaii does not have the death penalty (FindLaw, 2012). In Pennsylvania, assault of a police officer occurs when a person intentionally causes harm to an officer while on duty, such as fighting the officer to avoid arrest. If this incident causes the officer bodily harm, the crime is a second-degree misdemeanor. This will result in a sentence of up to five years in prison, and a fine of up to $3,000.If a person shoots and kills an officer on duty, the charge is assault in the first degree. The defendant could face a minimum of 20 years in prison or death for first-degree assault of a police officer (Justia, n. d. ). In North Carolina, kidnapping occurs when a person unlawfully restrains or keeps another person at any place without his or her permission. It is considered first degree kidnapping if the victim is not released in a safe place or is seriously injured. This charge is considered a Class C felony, and it carries up to 15 years imprisonment (North Carolina General Assembly, n. d. ).In Arkansas, residential burglary occurs when a person unlawfully enters and remains in a residential structure, and commits any offense punishable by imprisonment. This crime is considered a Class B felony. A defendant who is charged with this crime faces five to 10 years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $15,000 (Justia, n. d. ). In Virginia, crimes related to drugs include manufacturing, distributing, or possessing controlled substances with the intent to manufacture or distribute. A first offense under this statute carries a sentence of five to 40 years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $500,000.Second and subsequent offenses carry a sentence of five years to life imprisonment, and a fine of up to $500,000. It is considered a felony if a person manufactures, distributes, or possesses certain large amou nts of controlled substances. A felony conviction carries a sentence of five years to life imprisonment, and a fine of up to $1 million (Laws. com, 2011). Strongest State Case According to the information on the state laws and statutes, Hawaii would yield the strongest prosecution in the case of State v. Stu Dents. InHawaii, a conviction of homicide carries a sentence of life imprisonment without parole, which would keep the defendant away from society, and keep society safe from possible future offenses by the defendant. A conviction for assault of a police officer carries up to five years imprisonment. A conviction for kidnapping and drug crimes is a Class A felony, and it carries a term of up to life imprisonment with a fine of up to $50,000. A conviction of burglary is a Class B felony, and it carries a term of two to 20 years imprisonment with a fine of up to $25,000 (Nolo, 2012).If the defendant is found guilty of all charges in the state of Hawaii, he will spend the rest of h is life in prison as well as pay a large amount in fines, which is absolute justice for the victim. Conclusion Each state has different laws for each crime that a person commits and how that person is charged for the crime. The prosecution for each crime is strong for each of the states examined. No matter what the case is for a crime committed in any state, there is a law or statute available to charge a person for that crime.Regardless of the state the criminal trial proceeds in, the prosecution will have a strong case in the case of State v. Stu Dents. References FindLaw. (2012). Haw. Rev. Stat.  § 707-701 : Hawaii Statutes – Section 707-701: Murder in the first degree. Retrieved from http://codes. lp. findlaw. com/histatutes/5/37/707/II/707-701 Justia. (n. d. ). 2010 Arkansas Code  § 5-39-201 – Residential burglary — Commercial burglary. Retrieved from http://law. justia. com/codes/arkansas/2010/title-5/subtitle-4/chapter-39/ subchapter-2/5-39-201/ Justi a. (n. d. . 2010 Pennsylvania Code  § 2702. 1 – Assault of law enforcement officer. Retrieved from http://law. justia. com/codes/pennsylvania/2010/title-18/chapter-27/2702-1/ Laws. com. (2011). 18. 2-248 – Manufacturing, selling, giving, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, sell, give, or distribute a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance prohibited; penalties. Retrieved from http://statutes. laws. com/ virginia/title-18-2/chapter-7/18-2-248 Nolo. (2012). Hawaii Charges for Crimes by Felony Class. Retrieved from ttp://www. criminaldefenselawyer. com/resources/criminal-defense/felony-offense/ hawaii-felony-class. htm North Carolina General Assembly. (n. d. ). Article 10 – Kidnapping and Abduction. Retrieved from http://www. ncga. state. nc. us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_ 14/Article_10. pdf Schmalleger, F. , Hall, D. E. , & Dolatowski, J. J. (2010). Criminal law Today. (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (n. d. ). State v. Stu Dents. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA354 website.

Ojt experiences employment Essay

In the first two weeks of my internship, I was able to develop a sense of diligence in every work assignment given to me. Adding extra care means being always attentive to the present situation, keeping the mind focused with what is currently handled, getting particular with every single detail without missing anything. This is the first thing that I must remember while working on the computer such as encoding financial data and other relevant information. I learned about the basic terms and concepts associated in different activities which are helpful in understanding its relation to other transaction and work. Lastly, I learned about some rules and procedures that should be strictly exercised and practiced. Sometimes, I was stuck with ample works to do all at the same time. At first, I found it so hard considering which task must be given priority that I forgot some other things undone. Read more:  Learning Experience in OJT Restaurant However, I am already acquainted with the routine and can manage to handle different works efficiently and effectively all at the same time, with fewer worries as to committing errors. Upon working with the activities above, I knew about many benefits that the SSS have offered to those covered members who already qualify to claim them, such as retirement, death, permanent disability, funeral, sickness and other benefits. When you are new to something and have less idea with what you are supposed to do it, waiting for an order or request is way too better for the meantime than doing things you don’t know anything about. As of now, I get all works done smoothly with minimum of supervision. Once a piece of paper is placed on the table, I immediately work my hands on it. This far, I learned about the schedule of employees’ and employer’s contributions in connection to their monthly salary credit and monthly contributions. I was able to do a certain work less than the required time effectively and efficiently. We are taught about the registration of the self-employed members that within 30 days from the practice of profession and business operation, he/she shall register to the SSS â€Å"his name, age, civil status, occupation, average monthly net income and dependents.† Everything does not merely revolve around the work alone all the time. So far, I’ve bee an already familiar with the organization’s culture, work ethics, rules and policy, and values which I should conform myself to as being temporarily part of the organization. I was made to realize that the scope of our work should only be limited to what our supervisor had instructed us to do, regardless of how much I know it. Sometimes, we make things and decisions in our own when we think we’re good at it without prior consultation to the one in authority. I disregard the possibility that somebody else might be held accountable for whatever consequences my own acts would have resulted.

Web Presence Creation

Web Presence Creation Introduction To drive the position about the relevance of a web presence home let us consider purchases of vehicles in the US prior to 1995 (Schneider, 2009). During this era the process of buying a car was often snared by aggressive sales personnel with ‘no haggling’ policies taking the pole position.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web Presence Creation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The result was many buyers of vehicles often left dealerships feeling confused, worried or even cheated after a transaction (Schneider, 2009). However, this would soon change with the establishment of an online vehicle purchase company known as Autobytel in 1995 (Schneider, 2009). Through effective use of an online presence dealers were able to reduce prices by reducing selling costs thus resulting in increased sales volumes. The web site required would be buyers to register and offer some form of description of the vehi cle to be purchased. Following the success for such ventures it is reported that as of 2009 over 90% of buyers do some form of online research prior to buying a vehicle (Schneider, 2009). Electronic commerce has registered a continuous and rapid growth in numbers until the year 2000. This plunge affected the industry for a period of almost three years and in 2003 the e-commerce industry began to show new signs of life. Along this line there has been an increase in electronic fund transfer mechanisms that have greatly eased the procedure of online commerce. In this report the online web presence suggested will fall in the B2C category (Schneider, 2009). This category forms the bulk on online commercial entities as it replaces the role of business to customer oriented commerce. The report will provide detail on the choices made in the creation and establishment of the web site.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is hoped that through the online presence gained by inclusion of a website the business can increase sales volumes and address customer needs to an improved extent. In the next stage the discussion will begin by focusing on the central node. Central Node To begin with the web presence has to lie upon a central node. To gain a better understanding of the term central node let the discussion describe peer to peer (P2P) networking (Shen, Yu, Bufford Mursalin 2010). Bit torrent is used for content distribution and there is no central node on the system. This is because the data is stored on various interconnected computers. In this case the central node is a tracker that keeps data on which computer contains what data and how to find the shortest path to complete a transfer of data. The central node in this case keeps a list of all peers and paths to the data required. However for our purpose the central node would best be a server used as a central storag e point for all the data pertaining to the website (Helmy 2006). This node will require that the user uses some form of authentication to gain access to the information stored on the server (Helmy 2006). This is also the procedure to follow when updating or adding any additional pages or data to the website. All other nodes are connected to this computer through a mesh. The requirement to maintain authentication and authorization of all mesh nodes by this node suggests the server will be quite powerful to allow all these operations are performed on time and in an accurate fashion (Helmy 2006). This topology has one major inconvenience in that adding a single computer forces the addition of cabling right from the central node to the computer (Bangia 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web Presence Creation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In such a situation the associated costs of cabling are reasonably high. One advantage of recent technology that can be effective in management of the topology is the use of Wi-Fi and broadcast transmissions. This allows for fast and cheap addition of nodes on the network. About Page This is the page the visitors to the website will encounter first when they visit the website (Kernek 2005). The address of this page is ‘www.yourdomain.com’ in this case it will offer some information on how to become an effective radio presenter. Internet radio has gained a lot of popularity and the use of file formats such as MP3 has greatly eased the task of providing listeners a good variety of music and presentation (Kernek 2005). This concept was thought to be ideal given that radio allows the host to move the listener away from the self into the host’s mind. Other than this is the fact that unlike normal radio, internet radio is cheap and is available anywhere there is a suitable connection to the internet (Kernek 2005). For these reasons an internet radio presenter was seen as an appropriate choice for future efforts. Exegesis As it has been mentioned in the previous section the major advantage that internet radio offers is based on cost. The setting up of an alternative radio station will require purchase of expensive equipment for transmission and operation (Kernek 2005). This can be accomplished much more easily with the internet as the transmission is free as long as a suitable connection exists. This further suggests it is suitable for start up where initial capital may be an issue. Also by use of interesting combinations of songs the presenter can teach listeners a great deal about the outside world experiences (Heberlein 2002). An example of this is the amount of information Karl Haas has taught people in relation to classical music.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through the use of a good host and presentation songs can be merged to create stories. It is reported a good host can say a lot without uttering a single word. This position was made clear by the $60 million raised by Real Networks in early 2004 for the left wing alternative to right wing radio programs is proof of the efficacy of internet radio (Lee 2005). Some stations have taken advantage of the internet radio and command a reported 40% listening across the whole of the USA (Lee 2005). In addition to the above advantages of internet radio it has been reported that a good host is one capable of satisfying listener’s curiosity (Geller 2007). The listener relies on a good investigative and conclusive discussion on pertinent issues. As an individual the author finds such work very enjoyable and feels capable of meeting the task requirements given some time. Contributing Nodes Having covered all the essential material it is crucial to consider useful links that may add value to the web site / presence (Gearon 2010). It is reported that useful links to other sites with valuable information demonstrates a willingness to share and extended knowledge of the industry (Masterson Pickton 2010). This also is known to be a good technique for improving ones search engine ranking. The higher this ranking the more visitors the web site is likely to attract. A good example of a contributing node is a link to a station that offers an alternative approach to the questions being debated. Once again the example of the right and left wing radio stations is a good example to use as a guideline (Martel-Lawson 2004). Listening to what the competition is saying is a good technique to ensure that the station remains refreshing and relevant to the listeners (Martel – Lawson 2004). Another popular way to provide useful contributing material is to provide links to product affiliates and sponsors. In addition to that another popular technique is the use of complimentary ser vices that allows users to feel a part of the experience. It is not uncommon to see listeners win or receive various complimentary gifts from the stations. These are the result of the creator having done some groundwork and can go a long way in assisting listeners (Cherry Jacob 2005). Care should also be taken to consider links in the context of the listeners (Neuman 2007). Some links can even be used to generate revenue as is the case with Google ad sense. References Bangia, R. (2005). Internet and Web Design. New Delhi: Firewall Media. Cherry B., Jacob, S. R. (2005). Contemporary Nursing: issues, trends and management. St Louis: Elsevier Mosby. Gearon, L. (2010). Learning to Teach Citizenship in the secondary School. Oxon: Routledge. Geller, V. (2007). Creating Powerful Radio: getting, keeping and growing audiences: news talk information and personality. Oxford: Elsevier. Heberlein, L. A. (2002). The Rough Guide to Internet Radio. London: Rough Guides Ltd. Helmy, A. (2006). Auto nomic Management of Mobile Multimedia Services: 9th IFIP/IEEE. Germany: International Federation for Information Processing. Kernek, A. (2005). Put Your Business Online. USA: Al Kernek. Lee, E. (2005). How internet Radio can change the World. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse Books. Martel-Lawson, H. (2004). 200 Marketing Ideas for your website. Karrinyup, Australia: Marketing Cues. Masterson, R., Pickton, D. (2010). Marketing: An Introduction. London: SAGE publications Ltd. Neuman, J. (2007). The Complete Internet Marketer. Australia: With a Cue Press. Schneider, G. (2009). Electronic Commerce 8e. Boston, Course Technology, Cengage learning. Shen, X., Yu, H., Buford, J., Mursalin Akon. (2010). Handbook of Peer to Peer Networking. New York: Springer.

Heathcliffs Motives in Wuthering Heights Essays

Heathcliffs Motives in Wuthering Heights Essays Heathcliffs Motives in Wuthering Heights Essay Heathcliffs Motives in Wuthering Heights Essay Essay Topic: Wuthering Heights Concerning Heathcliff, the antagonist of Emily Bronte’s masterpiece â€Å"Wuthering Heights,† man or monster seems to be the resounding question. Throughout the book Heathcliff is shown to be a bitter fiend, but his story may also draw sympathy from the reader; his battle throughout life to be with the woman he loves is perhaps one of the most wretched love stories in all literature. Although raised by an upper-middle class family, Heathcliff cannot hide the fact that his ancestry is anything but gentry. His physical appearance is often described as that of a â€Å"gypsy. † Had Heathcliff’s physiognomy been fairer he may have been able to ascend to the higher class of the family he was raised by, but ultimately he could not. This forever puts him at a disadvantage when it comes to the woman he loves: Catherine. His status in society makes it nearly impossible for her to marry him. Although Heathcliff is raised by a family of high status in that area of northern England, he is not given that status himself. However, as his story is revealed, it is clear that he has riches that come from unknown sources and the amount of debt owed to him which eventually leads to his ownership of Wuthering Heights. This lack of family class takes away his ability to have Catherine’s hand in marriage and tears her away from him. Catherine’s upbringing and character combine to make her oblivious to the fact that she keeps hurting Heathcliff. Catherine’s stubborn nature and uncontrolled tongue are one of reasons Heathcliff departs Wuthering Heights for several years. With the marriage of Catherine to another man, and the burning hatred Heathcliff feels for Edgar Linton, it seems reasonable to infer that he becomes obsessed. These events lead him to plot revenge and suicide, but just the sight of Catherine steals these plans from him. After Catherine’s death, further evidence of Heathcliff’s obsession is apparent when he excavates the mools from over her grave. Since he does not attend her funeral, and does not pry open her coffin, he convinces himself that she is not dead and spends much of his life waiting for her. Frustration leads to his development of an even harsher character throughout the book and he becomes totally misanthropic in nature. After his death, Wuthering Heights appears to become a much happier place as the people there begin a relative healing process. The character of Heathcliff is plagued by his lack of status in the era of Wuthering Heights, and this affects his development as a person and eventually his responses. His inability to have the woman he loves is the main thread that ties the book together, and give Emily Bronte the opportunity to make a statement about mankind.

How to Get an Essay Done

How to Get an Essay Done How to Get an Essay Done Completing an education is one of the best decisions one can make in life, and part of completing an education includes writing essays. However, writing an essay is not an easy task, as it involves a complete process to get the job done. Completing essay assignments contributes to maintaining good grades and GPA scores. Many potential employers often ask potential employees for their school transcripts and not just a copy of their degrees. So, it is a good idea to be sure to complete quality essays to boost one’s grades. Steps to Completing an Essay: Choose a topic – Unless you are assigned a specific topic you will need to choose one, so choose one that is interesting to you. Just make sure it is in line with the assigned purpose, such as an overview or an analysis. Make an outline – The outline is how you will organize your ideas about your topic. The original structure of the outline may change as you go, but using it gives you a blueprint to follow. Create a thesis statement – This will convey to the readers what your essay is about, as well as specific points you plan to prove about the topic. The thesis statement states the purpose of the essay. Do the research – The next task is conducting pertinent research by gathering information from scholarly academic sources such as journal articles from sites like JSTOR, EBSCOhost, as well as books and reputable websites. Write the introduction – Your essay introduction should do the job of attracting the attention of the readers and persuading them to read the entire essay. The introduction illustrates pertinent points of the essay and gives the readers a foundation for what they will find in the essay. Write the body – This is where the main content of the essay is created. It contains the main points and subpoints of the essay and it also elaborates on each point. This is where the purpose of the essay is described, explained, or argued. Write the conclusion – The essay conclusion summarizes what was presented in the essay and provides the final perspective about the essay topic. The main points are reviewed and an author’s perspective is added. Review for correctness – After the conclusion, you need to include any finishing touches needed in the essay. Make sure your paragraphs are in the correct order and that you have followed all of the essay assignment instructions. Also, do a spelling and grammar check and be sure the essay is formatted correctly. These are the basic steps on how to get an essay done; however, if one is not up to the challenge of following these steps, using a professional essay writing service is an option.

Transform an Organisation into a learning organisation Essay

Transform an Organisation into a learning organisation - Essay Example What is really meant by this definition has usually been clarified by offering a list of the various elements of a learning organisation. In other words, a learning organisation is defined via the existence of organisational conditions that favour learning per se. NORDEF is a Defence communication provider; it began making equipment for strategic defence communications systems in Australia in 1988. The company has come a long way since initial conception, remaking itself as a major defence communication provider, a change that hasn't gone unnoticed. NORDEF was recently called the poster boy for companies making the transition into the new economy. Major changes began at NORDEF when James Plant, the company's current president and chief executive, took office in 1997. He saw that the marketplace of defence communications was shifting from a traditional line based technology to sensor to shooter, or satellite based systems. The trick was figuring out how to speed up the process of getting new products and services into the defence market so NORDEF could keep ahead of the fast-paced defence orientated procurement world. In the past, it often took as long as 10-15 years to complete a research and procured developed project to actual in-service us age. Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell's (1991) model of a lea... Processes for Transformation The literature regarding learning organisations is largely prescriptive in nature and proposes how organisations should be designed and managed in order to promote effective learning. Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell's (1991) model of a learning organisation is seemingly the most penetrative of the competing models and probably has therefore become the most popular and widely referred-to model in recent literature. This is the area where theory building has clearly reached the point of synergetic models. There are 11 characteristics of a learning organisation identified in this model and even though these traits are organized differently, they also appear as similar ideas to the five main disciplines': mental models, shared vision, personal mastery, team learning and systems thinking -- which form the foundation of the learning organisation' according to Senge (1990). According to Pedler, Burgoyne and Boydell (1991), learning approaches to strategy and participative policy-making are closely connected to policy- and strategy-forming processes referring to the sharing of involvement in these processes. Information systems, formative accounting and control systems, internal exchange of information and reward flexibility are elements within the organisation that may either be a help or hindrance to learning. Equally important factors are enabling structures with loosely structured roles and temporary departmental and other boundaries which create opportunities for individual and business development. The ability to learn by benchmarking in external relationships by using boundary workers and to promote inter-company learning by engaging in a number of